Defense Intelligence Agency director, Lt. 11, 2015, shows a Shaheen III surface-to-surface ballistic missile launching from an undisclosed location in Pakistan. This handout photograph released by Pakistan's Inter Services Public Relations (ISPR) on Dec. He again dismissed safety and security concerns about Pakistan’s nuclear weapons, saying the United States “in unambiguous terms” is appreciative of safety measures and steps Islamabad has taken over the past 15 years to prevent proliferation of nuclear materials. Our nuclear deterrence is for self-defense. We have every right as a state for self-defense. “Pakistan only goes for credible minimum deterrence. Pakistan is not in an arms race,” asserted Foreign Secretary Aizaz Chaudhry, addressing a gathering of experts, officials and foreign diplomats in the Pakistani capital.Ī recent joint study by the Carnegie and Stimson research organizations estimates that Pakistan has the capability to produce 20 nuclear warheads annually while its archrival, India, appears to be producing about five warheads. “I think it would be important for us to distinguish between what is propaganda, disinformation and motivated reporting. In addition, in the two years since CBO’s earlier estimate, the modernization plans for some nuclear systems have become better defined, leading to higher cost projections for some programs and lower projections for others.Pakistan’s chief negotiator Friday dismissed reports its nuclear arsenal program is the world’s fastest growing, and repeated Islamabad’s demand that it be inducted into a club of nuclear trading nations. The current estimate also includes the initial years of purchases in some programs that were not covered by the previous estimate, further raising costs in the 2017–2026 period relative to the 2015–2024 period. The development costs of weapon systems typically increase as a program proceeds, which means that the current estimate replaces two lower-cost years with two higher-cost years. Most of the increase in the total estimated cost of nuclear forces reflects the fact that the current estimate spans a 10-year period that begins and ends two years later than the 2015 estimate and thus includes two later years of development in nuclear modernization programs. Both the current and previous 10-year estimates are presented in nominal dollars, meaning that they include the effects of inflation.īesides presenting an estimate of those costs, this report also describes the major differences between CBO’s current estimate and its most recent previous estimate, which was published in January 2015. ![]() (In this analysis, “costs” refers to budget authority, the amount that would need to be appropriated to implement the plans.) The current 10-year total is 15 percent higher than CBO’s most recent previous estimate of the 10-year costs of nuclear forces, $348 billion over the 2015–2024 period. If carried out, the plans for nuclear forces delineated in the Department of Defense’s (DoD’s) and the Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) budget requests for fiscal year 2017 would cost a total of $400 billion over the 2017–2026 period, CBO estimates-an average of $40 billion a year. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015 requires CBO to update its estimate of the cost of nuclear forces every two years. In response, CBO published Projected Costs of U.S. To help the Congress make those decisions, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013 required CBO to estimate the 10-year costs to operate, maintain, and modernize U.S. Consequently, the Congress will need to make decisions about what nuclear forces the United States should field in the future and thus about the extent to which the nation will pursue nuclear modernization plans. Over the next two decades, essentially all of those nuclear delivery systems and weapons would have to be refurbished or replaced with new systems to continue operating. ![]() Those forces consist of submarines that launch ballistic missiles (SSBNs), land-based intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), long-range bomber aircraft, shorter-range tactical aircraft, and the nuclear weapons that those delivery systems carry. The nation’s current nuclear forces are reaching the end of their service life. Since that time, nuclear forces have figured less prominently than conventional forces, and the United States has not built any new nuclear weapons or delivery systems for many years. defense policy, resulting in the buildup of a large arsenal. In the Cold War, nuclear forces were central to U.S. ![]() national security since they were developed during World War II. Nuclear weapons have been a cornerstone of U.S.
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